1 00:00:17,163 --> 00:00:20,252 I would read into the record, for the benefit of those delegates 2 00:00:20,372 --> 00:00:23,055 who are unable to remain to close of session, 3 00:00:23,749 --> 00:00:28,171 the declarations and resolves of this first congress. 4 00:00:28,291 --> 00:00:29,227 Resolved... 5 00:00:29,745 --> 00:00:34,169 That to the recent grievous acts imposed by parliament on Massachusetts, 6 00:00:34,434 --> 00:00:36,572 we cannot submit. 7 00:00:36,830 --> 00:00:40,029 But in hopes that our fellow subjects in Great Britain 8 00:00:40,427 --> 00:00:44,034 will restore to us happiness and prosperity, 9 00:00:44,503 --> 00:00:47,079 rather than support the Massachusetts militia, 10 00:00:47,455 --> 00:00:52,292 we have agreed to pursue the following peaceable measures... 11 00:00:52,945 --> 00:00:57,549 To publish a statement of the aforesaid to the inhabitants of British America. 12 00:00:57,669 --> 00:00:58,889 Who need no reminders. 13 00:00:59,009 --> 00:01:03,261 Two, to enter into a non-importation, non-consumption 14 00:01:03,421 --> 00:01:07,114 and non-exportation agreement of british goods. 15 00:01:07,363 --> 00:01:10,268 - Which no one will honor. - And three, 16 00:01:10,690 --> 00:01:13,444 to prepare a loyal address to his majesty. 17 00:01:13,765 --> 00:01:15,641 Which his majesty will not read. 18 00:01:17,439 --> 00:01:19,520 This congress stands adjourned. 19 00:01:20,167 --> 00:01:23,694 The business of this congress being concluded, all delegates... 20 00:01:24,133 --> 00:01:25,692 "The business of this congress." 21 00:01:25,812 --> 00:01:28,870 The business of this congress has been to achieve nothing. 22 00:01:29,030 --> 00:01:31,540 ... the year of our Lord, 1775. 23 00:01:34,178 --> 00:01:37,337 You carry good news back home, Mr. Paine. 24 00:01:37,737 --> 00:01:41,183 Massachusetts has made its cause plain to its sister colonies, 25 00:01:41,303 --> 00:01:43,802 and now it will be made plain to Parliament. 26 00:01:44,603 --> 00:01:47,347 I beg to differ, Mr. Dickinson. 27 00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:51,643 Nothing has been made plain. 28 00:01:55,002 --> 00:01:56,446 All this congress has shown 29 00:01:56,566 --> 00:01:59,431 is that every man in it thinks that he is a great man... 30 00:01:59,876 --> 00:02:02,404 Orator, a critic, a statesman. 31 00:02:02,565 --> 00:02:06,408 And therefore every man must show his oratory, his criticism, 32 00:02:06,915 --> 00:02:08,462 his political ability. 33 00:02:11,661 --> 00:02:14,685 If it were moved and seconded that two and three make five, 34 00:02:15,048 --> 00:02:17,474 we should spend two whole days debating the matter 35 00:02:17,594 --> 00:02:20,589 and only then pass a resolution in the affirmative. 36 00:02:24,185 --> 00:02:26,835 Well, in that event, Mr. Adams, 37 00:02:27,244 --> 00:02:30,849 our adjournment comes not a moment too soon. 38 00:02:34,781 --> 00:02:37,022 A toast, gentlemen and ladies. 39 00:02:38,749 --> 00:02:42,277 May Boston's troubles soon be at an end 40 00:02:43,267 --> 00:02:46,431 and her people's natural rights as englishmen 41 00:02:47,380 --> 00:02:48,533 be fully restored. 42 00:02:50,101 --> 00:02:52,412 May the sword of the parent never be stained 43 00:02:54,244 --> 00:02:56,143 with the blood of her children. 44 00:03:00,535 --> 00:03:01,875 God save the King. 45 00:03:02,696 --> 00:03:04,452 God save the king. 46 00:04:26,757 --> 00:04:28,377 Part II: INDEPENDENCE 47 00:04:29,127 --> 00:04:32,002 Transcript: swsub.com. Synchro: michvanilly. 48 00:05:47,816 --> 00:05:49,103 There we are. 49 00:05:49,437 --> 00:05:50,757 Go on, get a feel for it. 50 00:05:51,253 --> 00:05:54,124 Put your hands in there. Deeper. 51 00:05:54,987 --> 00:05:58,890 Deeper. There. There, turn it, yeah? 52 00:06:01,983 --> 00:06:05,898 Now, the best recipe is equal parts salt marsh, 53 00:06:06,018 --> 00:06:08,547 upland soil and dung. 54 00:06:11,348 --> 00:06:12,954 Manure is an art, 55 00:06:13,311 --> 00:06:17,038 and I consider myself an accomplished artist. 56 00:06:21,415 --> 00:06:22,505 Smell that. 57 00:06:26,665 --> 00:06:28,146 I want to be a farmer too, papa. 58 00:06:29,303 --> 00:06:30,428 Do you now? 59 00:06:32,724 --> 00:06:35,927 Farming is noble employment, Johnny. The noblest there is. 60 00:06:36,376 --> 00:06:38,621 And this farm will always be in our family. 61 00:06:38,891 --> 00:06:41,117 But it's to be school and the law for you. 62 00:06:42,635 --> 00:06:44,117 As it was for me. 63 00:06:45,169 --> 00:06:46,435 Mr. Adams! Mr. Adams! 64 00:06:46,555 --> 00:06:49,149 The british! The british are marching on concord! 65 00:06:49,310 --> 00:06:51,026 The british are marching on concord! 66 00:06:51,186 --> 00:06:53,417 - To arms! - Go inside! 67 00:06:54,014 --> 00:06:54,915 Charles! 68 00:06:55,633 --> 00:06:57,438 Inside, Charles! Get inside! 69 00:07:02,616 --> 00:07:05,025 The first sign of trouble, you fly to the woods! 70 00:07:41,878 --> 00:07:43,109 Stay with me! 71 00:07:53,831 --> 00:07:55,292 Come on, faster! 72 00:08:05,716 --> 00:08:08,436 Doctor Warren! What is god's name has happened? 73 00:08:08,596 --> 00:08:12,478 Gage sent a regiment to seize our powder and arms at concord. 74 00:08:12,904 --> 00:08:16,861 Hundreds of our militia turned out. The british got nothing. 75 00:08:17,845 --> 00:08:20,952 - Where are they now? Are they close by? - We are chasing the bastards 76 00:08:21,072 --> 00:08:23,326 back to Boston, and we'll keep them there! 77 00:08:25,581 --> 00:08:27,327 Move! Come on, men. 78 00:09:31,122 --> 00:09:34,355 There can be no mistaking britain's intentions now. 79 00:09:52,485 --> 00:09:54,496 If you had seen them, Abigail. 80 00:09:58,425 --> 00:10:01,154 An army of plain country boys... 81 00:10:02,988 --> 00:10:05,929 With no experience of professional soldiering. 82 00:10:08,800 --> 00:10:11,726 But their faces shing like the sun through a church window. 83 00:10:14,165 --> 00:10:15,771 We must support them... 84 00:10:17,113 --> 00:10:19,398 With guns and leadership 85 00:10:20,950 --> 00:10:23,083 and faith in what they do. 86 00:10:25,684 --> 00:10:27,524 Say that, John. 87 00:10:28,655 --> 00:10:29,885 Say that 88 00:10:30,969 --> 00:10:32,282 to the congress. 89 00:10:33,230 --> 00:10:35,703 If I have to stand and rail 90 00:10:36,001 --> 00:10:37,970 until my voice breaks 91 00:10:38,274 --> 00:10:40,419 and my legs collapse beneath me... 92 00:10:43,637 --> 00:10:45,260 This time congress will act. 93 00:10:49,089 --> 00:10:49,932 Men... 94 00:10:51,303 --> 00:10:54,608 Need to think that they have made their own decisions... 95 00:10:56,932 --> 00:10:58,619 Not had them forced upon them. 96 00:10:58,739 --> 00:11:03,142 I don't have the time to coddle like a young girl courting a beau. 97 00:11:10,549 --> 00:11:12,709 To sit in Philadelphia 98 00:11:13,867 --> 00:11:16,416 listening to men talking to hear themselves talk, 99 00:11:17,110 --> 00:11:18,626 resolving nothing... 100 00:11:19,497 --> 00:11:22,638 To subject myself to that yet again, I cannot. 101 00:11:27,198 --> 00:11:28,051 I cannot. 102 00:11:29,547 --> 00:11:32,432 Where are these gentlemen from Massachusetts? 103 00:11:32,805 --> 00:11:35,601 What have you done with these gentlemen from Massachusetts? 104 00:11:36,441 --> 00:11:40,168 Have you stolen these gentlemen from Massachusetts? 105 00:11:43,967 --> 00:11:47,744 There they are! All the way from Boston. 106 00:11:48,649 --> 00:11:50,779 Are they not a shame on their country? 107 00:11:50,899 --> 00:11:54,870 Are they not a disgrace to all civilized beings? 108 00:11:54,990 --> 00:11:58,861 Has not even the reverend Ebenezer Slither declared them so? 109 00:12:00,066 --> 00:12:01,990 They have violated 110 00:12:02,646 --> 00:12:05,798 the fundamental rule of warfare, 111 00:12:06,179 --> 00:12:08,926 which is always to let the british win! 112 00:12:09,322 --> 00:12:11,900 Did they not pursue 113 00:12:12,020 --> 00:12:14,932 the british army with ungentlemanly haste 114 00:12:15,092 --> 00:12:18,421 after their cowardly victory at Concord? 115 00:12:18,541 --> 00:12:20,938 Must you be so extreme, Dr. Franklin? 116 00:12:21,309 --> 00:12:24,591 I'm an extreme moderate, Mr. Rutledge. 117 00:12:25,153 --> 00:12:27,509 I believe anybody not in favor of moderation 118 00:12:27,629 --> 00:12:29,401 and compromise out to be castrated. 119 00:12:30,490 --> 00:12:33,273 And that all this should be sent down to the... 120 00:12:33,393 --> 00:12:36,079 To the Parliament, for they seem to need... 121 00:12:36,239 --> 00:12:39,261 How shall I put it? Stones. 122 00:12:44,680 --> 00:12:45,630 There. 123 00:12:46,479 --> 00:12:49,086 I think we scared him off. 124 00:12:49,719 --> 00:12:53,188 I am very glad to have you gentlemen with us. 125 00:12:54,230 --> 00:12:55,848 Very glad indeed. 126 00:12:57,406 --> 00:12:59,047 I beg the good gentlemen here. 127 00:13:00,546 --> 00:13:01,774 I beseech you... 128 00:13:02,219 --> 00:13:03,815 Entreat. He left out entreat. 129 00:13:03,976 --> 00:13:05,664 I entreat you to remember... 130 00:13:05,784 --> 00:13:08,092 ... that we remain the King'subject, 131 00:13:08,212 --> 00:13:10,694 whatever the recent unpleasantness in Massachusetts. 132 00:13:11,926 --> 00:13:15,118 One rash action does not merit a rash response! 133 00:13:16,510 --> 00:13:19,664 Might must be met with reason, not arms! 134 00:13:23,842 --> 00:13:26,302 I remind Mr. Rutledge and Mr. Duane 135 00:13:27,017 --> 00:13:29,209 that blood has been shed. 136 00:13:29,709 --> 00:13:31,134 Massachusetts' blood. 137 00:13:32,636 --> 00:13:36,433 While we debate, our militia is left without munitions, 138 00:13:37,159 --> 00:13:41,090 without arms, without even the slightest encouragement. 139 00:13:43,319 --> 00:13:44,981 Mr. Dickinson of Pennsylvania. 140 00:13:45,802 --> 00:13:48,749 One colony cannot be allowed to take 141 00:13:48,869 --> 00:13:53,193 its sister colonies headlong into the maelstrom of war. 142 00:13:55,837 --> 00:13:59,943 Parliament will be eager to call a halt to hostilities, as are we. 143 00:14:00,187 --> 00:14:04,792 They will seek conciliation. We must offer them an olive branch. 144 00:14:06,452 --> 00:14:08,546 I move this assembly 145 00:14:09,081 --> 00:14:13,008 consider a humble and dutiful petion be dispatched to his Majesty, 146 00:14:13,267 --> 00:14:15,636 one that includes a plain statement 147 00:14:16,056 --> 00:14:19,021 that the colony desires immediate negotiation 148 00:14:19,141 --> 00:14:22,378 and accommodation of these unhappy disputes, 149 00:14:23,056 --> 00:14:25,587 and that we are willing to enter into measures 150 00:14:27,274 --> 00:14:30,109 - to achieve that reconciliation. - Second! 151 00:14:31,632 --> 00:14:32,980 Mr. Dickinson? 152 00:14:34,837 --> 00:14:38,189 The time for negotiation is past. 153 00:14:40,175 --> 00:14:41,657 The actions of the british army 154 00:14:41,777 --> 00:14:44,665 at Lexington and Concord speak plainly enough. 155 00:14:46,369 --> 00:14:50,901 If we wish to regain our natural-born rights as englishmen... 156 00:14:52,075 --> 00:14:53,856 Then we must fight for them. 157 00:14:55,487 --> 00:14:58,787 I have looked for our rights in the laws of nature 158 00:14:58,907 --> 00:15:03,052 and can find them only in the laws of political society. 159 00:15:03,172 --> 00:15:04,792 I have looked for our rights 160 00:15:04,912 --> 00:15:07,587 in the constitution of the english government 161 00:15:07,992 --> 00:15:09,857 and found them there! 162 00:15:12,744 --> 00:15:17,657 Our rights have been violated, Mr. Adams, that is beyond dispute. 163 00:15:19,325 --> 00:15:24,170 We must provide a plan to convince Parliament to restore those rights! 164 00:15:24,688 --> 00:15:27,724 Do we wish to become aliens to the mother country? 165 00:15:28,737 --> 00:15:30,226 No, gentlemen, 166 00:15:30,711 --> 00:15:33,102 we must come to terms with the mother country. 167 00:15:33,222 --> 00:15:37,909 No doubt the same ship which carries forth our list of grievances 168 00:15:38,202 --> 00:15:41,097 will bring back their redress. 169 00:15:42,719 --> 00:15:44,348 Mr. Dickinson... 170 00:15:45,478 --> 00:15:49,410 My wife and young children live on the main road to Boston, 171 00:15:49,530 --> 00:15:52,942 fewer than five miles from the full might of the british Empire. 172 00:15:54,987 --> 00:15:59,342 Should they sit and wait for gage and his savages to rob them of their home, 173 00:15:59,903 --> 00:16:02,680 their possessions, their very lives? 174 00:16:04,525 --> 00:16:06,857 No, sir! Powder and artillery 175 00:16:06,977 --> 00:16:11,502 are the surest and most infallible conciliatory measures we can adopt! 176 00:16:13,879 --> 00:16:17,300 If you explode the possibility of peace, Mr. Adams, 177 00:16:17,460 --> 00:16:21,053 and I tell you now, you will have blood on your hands! 178 00:16:21,213 --> 00:16:23,815 And I tell you, Mr. Dickinson, 179 00:16:23,935 --> 00:16:26,840 that to hold out an olive branch to britain 180 00:16:27,093 --> 00:16:28,790 is a measure of gross imbecility. 181 00:16:28,910 --> 00:16:32,722 If you New England men continue to oppose our measures of reconciliation, 182 00:16:32,842 --> 00:16:37,041 you will leave us no choice but to break off from you entirely 183 00:16:37,425 --> 00:16:40,226 and carry on the opposition in our own way. 184 00:16:44,352 --> 00:16:48,623 I sit in judgment of no man's religion, Mr. Dickinson... 185 00:16:50,837 --> 00:16:55,026 But your quaker sensibilities do us a gross disservice, sir. 186 00:16:56,736 --> 00:16:58,949 It is one thing to turn the other cheek, 187 00:16:59,069 --> 00:17:02,249 but to lie down in the ground like a snake 188 00:17:02,546 --> 00:17:05,181 and crawl toward the seat of power... 189 00:17:05,342 --> 00:17:07,765 in abject surrender, well, that is quite another thing, sir. 190 00:17:07,885 --> 00:17:10,102 - And I have no stomach for it, sir! - Mr. Adams! 191 00:17:10,263 --> 00:17:11,937 No stomach at all! 192 00:17:12,216 --> 00:17:17,079 We will exhaust all peaceful approaches, Mr. Adams. 193 00:17:18,768 --> 00:17:20,951 And we will do it with or without 194 00:17:21,071 --> 00:17:25,242 the approbation of you and your Boston insurrectionists! 195 00:17:25,842 --> 00:17:26,661 Hear, hear! 196 00:17:28,583 --> 00:17:31,911 Mr. Dickinson's motion to send an olive branch petion to his majesty 197 00:17:32,031 --> 00:17:33,793 has been made and seconded. 198 00:17:34,260 --> 00:17:35,878 We shall proceed to a vote. 199 00:17:36,797 --> 00:17:40,007 - New Hampshire? - New Hampshire votes no. 200 00:17:40,523 --> 00:17:43,386 - Massachusetts? - Massachusetts votes no. 201 00:17:45,071 --> 00:17:48,224 - Rhode Island? - Rhode Island votes no. 202 00:17:48,803 --> 00:17:51,185 - New York? - New York votes yes! 203 00:17:51,810 --> 00:17:52,853 Hear, hear. 204 00:17:53,416 --> 00:17:55,994 - Connecticut? - Connecticut votes no. 205 00:17:57,107 --> 00:17:58,192 New Jersey? 206 00:17:58,831 --> 00:18:00,444 New Jersey votes yes. 207 00:18:01,348 --> 00:18:02,684 Hear, hear. 208 00:18:03,023 --> 00:18:03,823 Delaware? 209 00:18:04,156 --> 00:18:06,492 Delaware votes yes. 210 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:09,370 Pennsylvania? 211 00:18:11,751 --> 00:18:13,958 Pennsylvania votes yes. 212 00:18:16,639 --> 00:18:17,717 Virginia? 213 00:18:19,690 --> 00:18:20,881 Virginia votes yes. 214 00:18:23,004 --> 00:18:25,553 - Maryland? - Maryland votes yes. 215 00:18:25,713 --> 00:18:27,012 South Carolina? 216 00:18:27,548 --> 00:18:28,931 South Carolina votes yes. 217 00:18:29,809 --> 00:18:32,376 - Georgia? - Georgia votes yes. 218 00:18:33,596 --> 00:18:36,319 The storm did not quite behave as it was meant to behave. 219 00:18:36,439 --> 00:18:40,276 Unlike the british army, it did not travel in a straight line. 220 00:18:40,436 --> 00:18:42,903 As my brother told me at the time... 221 00:18:43,063 --> 00:18:44,488 - Mr. Adams. - Doctor. 222 00:18:45,580 --> 00:18:50,292 Dr. Rush has been telling me that he has bled most of Philadelphia. 223 00:18:50,412 --> 00:18:54,937 He quite swears by the regenerative powers of desanguination. 224 00:18:55,299 --> 00:18:58,240 Thus far, Philadelphia has survived... 225 00:18:58,360 --> 00:19:00,546 Can I have a private word with you, doctor? 226 00:19:03,660 --> 00:19:06,051 - Certainly, Mr. Adams. - Gentlemen, if you... 227 00:19:06,800 --> 00:19:08,456 If you'll excuse me. 228 00:19:08,576 --> 00:19:09,597 Mr Rodney 229 00:19:17,352 --> 00:19:20,691 You seem a little distracted, Mr. Adams. 230 00:19:22,173 --> 00:19:24,013 I had thought that you were with us. 231 00:19:24,253 --> 00:19:26,116 As I am, as I am. 232 00:19:26,579 --> 00:19:28,664 But not enough to come out and say so. 233 00:19:31,887 --> 00:19:34,520 Politics is the art of the possible. 234 00:19:34,820 --> 00:19:37,211 What did you get by opposing the motion? 235 00:19:37,331 --> 00:19:40,669 It was carried with our without you. All you did was make enemies 236 00:19:40,830 --> 00:19:42,963 aand make yourself feel better, of course. 237 00:19:45,771 --> 00:19:48,677 Do you not believe in saying what you think? 238 00:19:48,837 --> 00:19:50,576 No, I'm very much against it. 239 00:19:50,890 --> 00:19:54,745 Thinking aloud is a habit responsible for much of mankind's misery. 240 00:19:57,012 --> 00:19:58,395 St. Thomas � Becket 241 00:19:58,652 --> 00:20:00,815 might have lived to a ripe old age if he... 242 00:20:08,262 --> 00:20:10,430 You insulted Mr. Dickinson. 243 00:20:12,444 --> 00:20:14,328 You insulted him in public. 244 00:20:16,339 --> 00:20:18,255 Would you have me insult him in private? 245 00:20:18,375 --> 00:20:20,762 It's perfectly acceptable to insult someone in private. 246 00:20:20,882 --> 00:20:22,829 Sometimes they might even thank you for it afterwards. 247 00:20:22,949 --> 00:20:26,715 But when you do it in public, they tend to think you are serious. 248 00:20:31,747 --> 00:20:33,931 I feel myself hated in this town. 249 00:20:36,296 --> 00:20:38,417 Go gently. 250 00:20:38,678 --> 00:20:39,478 I beg you. 251 00:20:40,368 --> 00:20:43,239 You are a guest in Philadelphia. 252 00:20:43,502 --> 00:20:45,470 Fish and guests... 253 00:20:46,736 --> 00:20:48,779 Stink after three days. 254 00:20:55,721 --> 00:20:56,977 You would do well 255 00:20:57,961 --> 00:21:00,124 to seek out the gentlemen of Virginia. 256 00:21:02,089 --> 00:21:03,961 Their vote went against me as well. 257 00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:08,111 Virginia must be won, Mr. Adams. 258 00:21:08,503 --> 00:21:12,206 Their wealth, prestige, their size... No other colony carries that much weight. 259 00:21:12,803 --> 00:21:15,855 And I think you'll find, despite their recent vote, 260 00:21:16,629 --> 00:21:18,609 that they are of your opinion. 261 00:21:20,174 --> 00:21:22,342 And of your opinion, sir. 262 00:21:24,832 --> 00:21:27,545 My opinion is that I have no opinion. 263 00:21:29,736 --> 00:21:31,518 But I'll gladly come with you, 264 00:21:31,638 --> 00:21:34,025 to find out what my opinion might be. 265 00:21:35,279 --> 00:21:38,736 Diplomacy is seduction in another guise, Mr. Adams. 266 00:21:38,856 --> 00:21:40,769 One improves with practice. 267 00:21:42,472 --> 00:21:44,835 Mr. Harrison, Mr. Lee. 268 00:21:45,587 --> 00:21:47,485 Gentlemen, good morning to you. 269 00:21:48,212 --> 00:21:49,632 Mr. Lee? 270 00:21:50,680 --> 00:21:53,761 You are said to be the cicero of Virginia. 271 00:21:54,189 --> 00:21:57,669 Like you, Mr. Adams, we are arming ourselves for our own defense. 272 00:21:57,789 --> 00:22:01,824 Beyond that, the Virginia convention has given us no instructions. 273 00:22:01,944 --> 00:22:04,646 Were it up to myself and colonel Washington... 274 00:22:05,990 --> 00:22:08,400 Oh, yes indeed. Colonel Washington. 275 00:22:14,528 --> 00:22:17,836 - Good morning to you, colonel. - Mr. Adams. 276 00:22:18,598 --> 00:22:19,536 Colonel, 277 00:22:21,001 --> 00:22:22,466 you are in mourning? 278 00:22:24,299 --> 00:22:26,293 for Massachusetts, Mr. Adams. 279 00:22:26,843 --> 00:22:29,129 An attack made on one of our sister colonies 280 00:22:29,849 --> 00:22:32,216 is an attack made on all of us. 281 00:22:34,927 --> 00:22:38,055 If only all of the congress were of your sentiment, sir. 282 00:22:38,612 --> 00:22:41,050 I am prepared to raise 1,000 men, 283 00:22:41,776 --> 00:22:43,886 subsist them at my own expense 284 00:22:44,296 --> 00:22:47,856 and march them myself to the relief of Boston. 285 00:22:49,193 --> 00:22:51,924 We may yet have need of your generosity. 286 00:22:52,281 --> 00:22:55,320 Not generosity, Mr. Adams, duty. 287 00:23:07,020 --> 00:23:08,508 A natural leader. 288 00:23:09,469 --> 00:23:12,422 He's always the tallest man in the room. 289 00:23:12,914 --> 00:23:15,797 He's bound to end up leading something. 290 00:23:18,598 --> 00:23:21,348 When will we escape this dreadful city, doctor? 291 00:23:21,508 --> 00:23:23,758 Philadelphia is not to your liking, sir? 292 00:23:23,878 --> 00:23:27,563 I'd rather be in my own country. Would not you? 293 00:23:29,622 --> 00:23:31,608 I would, Mr. Jefferson, yes. 294 00:23:32,982 --> 00:23:34,111 Well, excuse me. 295 00:24:07,503 --> 00:24:09,439 ma! ma! 296 00:24:14,795 --> 00:24:16,917 Are those our guns, mama? 297 00:24:17,942 --> 00:24:19,442 I pray they are. 298 00:25:21,461 --> 00:25:25,718 - Would you like some water, sir? - Thank you, ma'am. 299 00:25:34,011 --> 00:25:34,945 Thank you. 300 00:25:40,018 --> 00:25:41,572 Thank you, ma'am. 301 00:25:42,940 --> 00:25:44,491 We saw flames above the harbor. 302 00:25:45,344 --> 00:25:48,016 Gage's ships laid into us with cannon fire. 303 00:25:49,703 --> 00:25:52,779 They sent their butchers through the smoke up Bunker Hill. 304 00:25:52,899 --> 00:25:53,709 Dear god. 305 00:25:55,308 --> 00:25:56,820 We held them back. 306 00:25:57,456 --> 00:25:58,442 Thank you. 307 00:26:17,979 --> 00:26:19,488 Do I know that face? 308 00:26:29,262 --> 00:26:30,370 I knew that face. 309 00:26:31,398 --> 00:26:32,827 Children, inside. 310 00:26:41,094 --> 00:26:44,441 General Warren is fallen at Bunker Hill... 311 00:26:48,761 --> 00:26:50,430 Shot through the head... 312 00:26:53,887 --> 00:26:57,022 Bayoneted and stripped of his clothes. 313 00:27:02,120 --> 00:27:03,946 I knew him, gentlemen. 314 00:27:06,152 --> 00:27:07,499 He was my physician. 315 00:27:12,428 --> 00:27:17,116 The full measure of british atrocity is too terrible to relate. 316 00:27:20,011 --> 00:27:22,147 "400 patriots dead." 317 00:27:23,490 --> 00:27:24,841 Not professional soldiers, 318 00:27:27,118 --> 00:27:29,333 ordinary citizens of Massachusetts 319 00:27:29,453 --> 00:27:33,885 who willingly gave their lives to defend what was rightfully theirs... 320 00:27:34,564 --> 00:27:35,753 Their liberty. 321 00:27:36,292 --> 00:27:37,511 But they took with them 322 00:27:37,631 --> 00:27:41,567 more than 1,000 british soldiers and 100 of their officers. 323 00:27:46,743 --> 00:27:50,361 If this congress does not support the Massachusetts militia, 324 00:27:50,481 --> 00:27:52,661 it could very well dissolve, gentlemen! 325 00:27:53,516 --> 00:27:55,080 Should that happen... 326 00:27:55,919 --> 00:27:57,524 Should that happen... 327 00:27:59,786 --> 00:28:01,712 We will be left defenseless, gentlemen. 328 00:28:01,873 --> 00:28:02,858 Yes. absolutely. 329 00:28:03,573 --> 00:28:07,968 I move that the congress adopt the Massachusetts militia immediately! 330 00:28:08,395 --> 00:28:09,384 Mr. Adams. 331 00:28:10,589 --> 00:28:11,513 Second! 332 00:28:13,072 --> 00:28:16,886 You are asking us to form an army, 333 00:28:17,006 --> 00:28:18,084 Mr. Adams... 334 00:28:19,807 --> 00:28:23,287 A force acting not for a single colony, but all 13! 335 00:28:25,567 --> 00:28:27,137 Now there's not a man here present 336 00:28:30,067 --> 00:28:34,119 who does not mourn the loss of the brave men of Massachusetts. 337 00:28:36,898 --> 00:28:38,727 But it is at such times 338 00:28:39,453 --> 00:28:42,359 that caution must prevail. 339 00:28:43,941 --> 00:28:47,258 It may be weeks before our last petion reaches the King, 340 00:28:47,509 --> 00:28:50,568 many weeks more before we may hope for a reply. 341 00:28:51,206 --> 00:28:52,679 While we await answer, 342 00:28:53,454 --> 00:28:57,848 we must avoid any escalation of the hostilities between us. 343 00:29:00,924 --> 00:29:02,939 The situation is perilous! 344 00:29:05,493 --> 00:29:07,432 What is required now 345 00:29:08,384 --> 00:29:11,948 is one able man to build 346 00:29:12,108 --> 00:29:15,744 and to lead this new continental army. 347 00:29:16,307 --> 00:29:18,269 And who do you propose 348 00:29:18,389 --> 00:29:22,515 of the Massachusetts delegates should lead this force? 349 00:29:22,890 --> 00:29:25,679 Gentlemen, we move too quickly. 350 00:29:25,799 --> 00:29:29,346 We have not yet resolved the question of any continental army, 351 00:29:29,466 --> 00:29:31,381 much less who is to lead it. 352 00:29:34,630 --> 00:29:36,777 I have but one gentleman in mind, 353 00:29:37,437 --> 00:29:38,934 known to all of us. 354 00:29:40,587 --> 00:29:42,989 Mr. President, I propose as commander in chief, 355 00:29:43,300 --> 00:29:46,323 our most honorable and esteemed delegate... 356 00:29:48,491 --> 00:29:51,347 The good gentleman from Virginia, Colonel George Washington. 357 00:30:00,693 --> 00:30:01,572 Second! 358 00:30:05,339 --> 00:30:07,528 I commend your selection, sir. 359 00:30:07,910 --> 00:30:11,550 There is no more able soldier in all America. 360 00:30:11,886 --> 00:30:15,684 Colonel Washington would command approbation 361 00:30:15,804 --> 00:30:16,847 in all americans, 362 00:30:17,696 --> 00:30:21,927 were he to accept the position that it is now our great honor 363 00:30:22,752 --> 00:30:23,729 to offer him. 364 00:30:34,623 --> 00:30:36,747 If the congress 365 00:30:38,266 --> 00:30:41,819 sees fit to honor me with the command, 366 00:30:43,089 --> 00:30:47,627 it will be my humble duty to serve. 367 00:30:55,337 --> 00:30:59,639 By your modesty, you show the wisdom of our choice. 368 00:31:01,601 --> 00:31:03,149 There are two motions on the floor. 369 00:31:03,269 --> 00:31:05,871 Should congress adopt the Massachusetts militia 370 00:31:06,139 --> 00:31:08,332 and should Colonel Washington be appointed 371 00:31:08,452 --> 00:31:11,151 as commander in chief of this continental army? 372 00:31:17,138 --> 00:31:18,878 I think we should move towards a vote. 373 00:31:25,605 --> 00:31:28,417 Congratulations, General Washington. 374 00:31:34,804 --> 00:31:37,708 I am truly sensible of the high honor 375 00:31:38,692 --> 00:31:40,131 the congress has done me. 376 00:31:40,251 --> 00:31:43,837 But I tell you now, I do not think myself 377 00:31:45,442 --> 00:31:48,772 equal to the command I am honored with. 378 00:31:50,679 --> 00:31:54,370 Your men, your continental army, 379 00:31:54,915 --> 00:31:56,655 awaits you at Cambridge, sir. 380 00:31:57,379 --> 00:31:59,359 And I shall see you there on my return. 381 00:32:08,055 --> 00:32:12,171 - Will General howe attack again? - Impossible to say. 382 00:32:14,015 --> 00:32:16,113 What is that but an army of occupation? 383 00:32:17,584 --> 00:32:19,970 And the Congress goes on its knees to the King. 384 00:32:22,011 --> 00:32:23,390 Has the King deigned to reply? 385 00:32:28,621 --> 00:32:32,274 I understand people like Mr. Dickinson and his friends all too well, John. 386 00:32:32,569 --> 00:32:34,943 Send a woman to the Congress. She might knock some sense into them. 387 00:32:35,104 --> 00:32:38,021 It is not a question of men and women. It is a matter politics. 388 00:32:38,141 --> 00:32:39,243 Politics. 389 00:32:41,893 --> 00:32:42,943 Politics? 390 00:32:45,500 --> 00:32:48,383 And do women not live politics, John Adams? 391 00:32:50,140 --> 00:32:53,981 When I go to the cupboard and I find no coffee, no sugar, 392 00:32:54,101 --> 00:32:58,258 no pins, no meat, am I not living politics? 393 00:33:03,906 --> 00:33:06,085 This war touches people 394 00:33:06,205 --> 00:33:09,063 that your congress treats with the same contempt 395 00:33:09,183 --> 00:33:11,466 King George deserves for the people of Boston. 396 00:33:13,254 --> 00:33:15,961 I mean women, yes, and slaves too, for that matter. 397 00:33:16,822 --> 00:33:19,618 Though I am sure you wish I would not mention that subject, 398 00:33:19,738 --> 00:33:21,796 as it might upset your southern friends. 399 00:33:24,294 --> 00:33:26,599 - You're harsh, madam. - I am cold. 400 00:33:31,125 --> 00:33:32,429 And frightened. 401 00:33:36,242 --> 00:33:39,466 I am afraid this war will never end or begin. 402 00:33:48,519 --> 00:33:50,553 I am frightened too, Abigail. 403 00:33:54,512 --> 00:33:56,281 And however much I talk and talk, 404 00:33:58,044 --> 00:33:59,986 I will never carry the congress. 405 00:34:00,527 --> 00:34:03,538 It seems that I must come down to Philadelphia 406 00:34:03,825 --> 00:34:07,024 and box the ears of Mr. Dickinson and his cronies. 407 00:34:13,066 --> 00:34:15,480 I must pray for guidance in all our endeavors, 408 00:34:17,812 --> 00:34:19,148 wherever they may lead us. 409 00:34:22,008 --> 00:34:24,136 And where will they lead us, John? 410 00:34:26,260 --> 00:34:28,510 I sometimes think we may be heading 411 00:34:30,666 --> 00:34:33,438 to a complete and irrevocable independence. 412 00:35:05,362 --> 00:35:07,486 The enemy are quite entrenched. 413 00:35:08,988 --> 00:35:11,771 To take boston may mean its utter destruction. 414 00:35:14,656 --> 00:35:19,014 I could call on only 5 000 troops who are fit to fight. 415 00:35:21,967 --> 00:35:24,571 I thought you had at least 20 000 men under your command? 416 00:35:26,058 --> 00:35:29,697 A great many have gone home since their enlistments expired, 417 00:35:29,928 --> 00:35:32,377 New England men a good lot of them. 418 00:35:33,678 --> 00:35:37,433 I cannot conceal our condition from the british indefinitely. 419 00:35:38,054 --> 00:35:40,754 We have been decimated by the bloody pox. 420 00:35:41,188 --> 00:35:44,174 It is sheer providence they haven't discovered our predicament. 421 00:35:44,743 --> 00:35:46,551 Upon my return to Philadelphia, 422 00:35:47,604 --> 00:35:49,713 I will make this situation known 423 00:35:51,131 --> 00:35:54,350 and the congress will find whatever you require, sir. 424 00:35:54,510 --> 00:35:58,107 Nothing has yet come from all their promises 425 00:35:58,723 --> 00:36:02,169 of powder, muskets supplies, Mr. Adams. 426 00:36:02,289 --> 00:36:04,571 - Mr. Adams. - I will persuade them, sir. 427 00:36:05,352 --> 00:36:07,133 And I will also argue to the congress 428 00:36:07,253 --> 00:36:09,929 that an alliance with France and Spain is essential. 429 00:36:10,618 --> 00:36:11,993 But above all, 430 00:36:12,153 --> 00:36:15,723 I intend to present them with a Declaration of Independency. 431 00:36:17,791 --> 00:36:19,542 You've already spoken of this? 432 00:36:19,702 --> 00:36:21,748 Oh no no one speaks of it. 433 00:36:22,580 --> 00:36:24,156 At least not publicly. 434 00:36:27,503 --> 00:36:30,303 But it is the only sure guarantee of our liberty. 435 00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:32,937 Independence 436 00:36:34,359 --> 00:36:35,601 will mean war 437 00:36:36,832 --> 00:36:39,145 from one end of the colonies to the other. 438 00:36:39,699 --> 00:36:41,731 I have no illusions about that. 439 00:36:42,965 --> 00:36:45,068 But first, let us free Boston. 440 00:36:46,524 --> 00:36:48,076 The rest will follow. 441 00:37:30,621 --> 00:37:33,974 So many have been carried away by the bloody pox. 442 00:37:34,852 --> 00:37:38,113 We cannot risk infection in this house. 443 00:37:40,804 --> 00:37:43,642 How you will manage this winter with the blockade, I don't know. 444 00:37:43,957 --> 00:37:45,211 We will manage. 445 00:37:47,104 --> 00:37:49,049 Somehow we will manage. 446 00:37:57,354 --> 00:37:59,216 I should go before the weather worsens. 447 00:38:05,407 --> 00:38:08,524 I would gladly take a walk in our garden with you 448 00:38:08,694 --> 00:38:11,020 - when the spring comes. - No more, John! 449 00:38:16,761 --> 00:38:17,687 No more. 450 00:38:39,292 --> 00:38:40,839 I hate the congress! 451 00:39:01,177 --> 00:39:03,549 General Washington still awaits our reply 452 00:39:03,669 --> 00:39:05,291 to the problem of re-enlistments. 453 00:39:06,361 --> 00:39:08,429 - The king's seal. - Now he respectfully suggests 454 00:39:08,599 --> 00:39:12,059 that a salary be granted our soldiers commensurate with their sacrifice. 455 00:39:12,229 --> 00:39:14,524 But he has no money on hand to pay them. 456 00:39:17,981 --> 00:39:21,907 Tents, soap, shoes and blankets are also greatly wanting. 457 00:39:22,282 --> 00:39:26,153 The army recently took shipment of 50 crates of rifles, 458 00:39:26,795 --> 00:39:29,349 all without the flints required to shoot them. 459 00:39:33,990 --> 00:39:35,097 A proclamation 460 00:39:36,887 --> 00:39:38,246 by King George III. 461 00:39:42,031 --> 00:39:43,566 "many of our subjects, 462 00:39:44,474 --> 00:39:47,896 misled by a desperate conspiracy 463 00:39:48,974 --> 00:39:50,005 of dangerous 464 00:39:51,036 --> 00:39:52,805 and ill-designing men, 465 00:39:54,059 --> 00:39:55,489 have forgotten the allegiance 466 00:39:55,969 --> 00:40:00,036 which they owe to the power that has protected and supported them, 467 00:40:00,475 --> 00:40:02,256 and have declared rebellion 468 00:40:03,392 --> 00:40:05,853 and traitorously levied war against us. 469 00:40:09,575 --> 00:40:11,641 It is the better part of wisdom to put a speedy end 470 00:40:11,901 --> 00:40:13,046 to such disorders. 471 00:40:14,254 --> 00:40:17,231 We have thought fit to issue our royal proclamation 472 00:40:17,401 --> 00:40:21,086 that all our royal officers, both civil and military, 473 00:40:21,845 --> 00:40:24,727 are obliged to suppress such rebellion 474 00:40:25,442 --> 00:40:27,552 and bring the traitors to justice. 475 00:40:31,356 --> 00:40:33,970 When the unhappy and deluded multitude 476 00:40:34,561 --> 00:40:36,614 against whom this force shall be directed 477 00:40:36,919 --> 00:40:38,747 shall become sensible of their error, 478 00:40:38,917 --> 00:40:43,006 I shall be ready to receive the misled with tenderness and mercy. 479 00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:48,572 for those who persist in their treason... 480 00:40:52,146 --> 00:40:55,154 For those who persist in their treason, 481 00:40:56,779 --> 00:40:58,604 the punishment shall be death by hanging. 482 00:41:05,656 --> 00:41:09,402 given in parliament this 26th day of october in the year..." 483 00:41:09,522 --> 00:41:10,634 1775." 484 00:41:16,139 --> 00:41:17,675 God save the King. 485 00:41:19,796 --> 00:41:22,269 God damn the King! 486 00:41:32,349 --> 00:41:34,297 God bless the King. 487 00:41:34,467 --> 00:41:38,233 Who else could have brought such a spirit of unity to this congress? 488 00:41:39,162 --> 00:41:41,694 We will now all hang together. 489 00:41:41,864 --> 00:41:44,067 Or, most assuredly, we will all hang separately. 490 00:41:44,863 --> 00:41:48,742 The question is no longer whether there shall be independence, but when. 491 00:41:49,392 --> 00:41:54,232 If we force a decision too soon, we may reap disaster. 492 00:41:54,935 --> 00:41:58,064 Independence without unanimity means nothing. 493 00:41:58,234 --> 00:42:01,486 - I'm in complete agreement, doctor. - I will leave immediately. 494 00:42:01,656 --> 00:42:04,494 The Virginia Convention must free us to act. 495 00:42:05,033 --> 00:42:08,139 All 13 clocks must strike at the same second. 496 00:42:51,197 --> 00:42:52,777 Charles, Charles! 497 00:42:52,947 --> 00:42:54,264 Charles, come back! 498 00:42:54,434 --> 00:42:56,139 Children, step away from the door. 499 00:42:59,798 --> 00:43:00,747 Charles! 500 00:43:02,135 --> 00:43:03,764 Charles, go inside! 501 00:43:14,483 --> 00:43:15,503 Go inside! 502 00:43:16,229 --> 00:43:17,029 Go! 503 00:43:34,965 --> 00:43:36,293 Mr. Knox. 504 00:43:39,275 --> 00:43:40,211 Mr. Knox! 505 00:43:42,696 --> 00:43:44,336 - Mr. Knox! - Mrs. Adams? 506 00:43:46,164 --> 00:43:48,672 You sold books to my husband, now look at you. 507 00:43:49,152 --> 00:43:51,508 - What are you doing? - British guns 508 00:43:51,777 --> 00:43:53,863 captured at Fort Ticonderoga. 509 00:43:54,274 --> 00:43:57,180 General Washington may have some use for them. 510 00:43:57,350 --> 00:44:00,391 - How on earth did you manage? - Rowed them across lake George 511 00:44:01,214 --> 00:44:03,331 and hauled them over the berkshires. 512 00:44:04,452 --> 00:44:06,081 We call that one Liberty. 513 00:44:08,957 --> 00:44:11,363 And that big one there stuck in the mire, 514 00:44:11,648 --> 00:44:14,109 we call it Independence! 515 00:45:12,636 --> 00:45:15,684 When *how* we saw the guns from Ticonderoga ringing the city 516 00:45:15,854 --> 00:45:17,092 he shouted, "good god, 517 00:45:17,212 --> 00:45:19,180 these fellows have done more work in one day 518 00:45:19,300 --> 00:45:21,348 than I made my army do in three months." 519 00:45:21,812 --> 00:45:24,468 General Washington's surprise sent them scurrying like rats. 520 00:45:29,264 --> 00:45:31,010 Mr. Lee, now is the time. 521 00:45:31,614 --> 00:45:35,097 And with your good news I can depend upon Virginia to lead the way. 522 00:45:35,628 --> 00:45:37,316 The honor is mine, sir. 523 00:45:54,252 --> 00:45:58,772 We are about to take a leap in the dark, Mr. Jefferson. 524 00:46:01,489 --> 00:46:02,844 I would gladly lend my hand 525 00:46:02,964 --> 00:46:05,499 to sink the whole island of Great Britain in the ocean. 526 00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:14,738 Now, I have not heard you say 527 00:46:14,858 --> 00:46:16,889 three words together in the last congress. 528 00:46:21,124 --> 00:46:22,463 with such passion, I regret 529 00:46:22,583 --> 00:46:25,095 that you haven't made your mind more plainly known. 530 00:46:27,398 --> 00:46:29,484 I have no gift for oratory. 531 00:46:38,960 --> 00:46:41,798 President recognizes Mr. Lee of Virginia. 532 00:46:45,864 --> 00:46:47,495 - Order, gentlemen! - Resolved... 533 00:46:47,952 --> 00:46:49,505 That these united colonies 534 00:46:50,015 --> 00:46:52,801 are and of a right ought to be 535 00:46:53,329 --> 00:46:55,052 free and independent states; 536 00:47:00,306 --> 00:47:03,700 They are absolved of all allegiance to the british crown; 537 00:47:05,894 --> 00:47:07,558 and that all political connection 538 00:47:07,678 --> 00:47:09,738 between them and the country of Great Britain 539 00:47:09,858 --> 00:47:12,259 is and ought to be totally dissolved. 540 00:47:12,436 --> 00:47:13,237 No! 541 00:47:14,590 --> 00:47:15,480 Second! 542 00:47:15,600 --> 00:47:16,758 Second from Mr. Adams. 543 00:47:17,609 --> 00:47:19,460 Am I to understand that Virginia 544 00:47:19,580 --> 00:47:22,964 has freed their delegates to propose this measure? 545 00:47:23,084 --> 00:47:26,792 They have, sir. the liberation of Boston has quite convinced them. 546 00:47:27,293 --> 00:47:30,047 The british may have abandoned Boston, Mr. Lee, 547 00:47:31,260 --> 00:47:33,182 but that is not an end to the business! 548 00:47:34,155 --> 00:47:36,803 General Howe is said to be awaiting reinforcements! 549 00:47:38,022 --> 00:47:41,432 Thousands of godless hessian mercenaries among them. 550 00:47:42,387 --> 00:47:46,103 First they will attack New York, then this very city! 551 00:47:48,390 --> 00:47:52,012 Two warships have been sighted sailing up the Delaware, gentlemen. 552 00:47:52,322 --> 00:47:55,896 What possible object can they have if not to take this congress 553 00:47:56,136 --> 00:47:59,687 and every man in it by force? 554 00:48:00,595 --> 00:48:01,862 Our river defenses... 555 00:48:01,982 --> 00:48:04,561 Our river defenses will hold them, sir! 556 00:48:04,681 --> 00:48:05,884 How shall we fight them? 557 00:48:06,384 --> 00:48:08,375 With what navy shall we turn them back? 558 00:48:09,981 --> 00:48:12,963 England is poised to strike a fatal blow! 559 00:48:14,320 --> 00:48:15,799 I must ask again, 560 00:48:16,254 --> 00:48:17,543 why such haste? 561 00:48:18,339 --> 00:48:20,214 Why should we pull down the old house 562 00:48:20,334 --> 00:48:22,100 - before we are prepared to... - Because... 563 00:48:23,139 --> 00:48:23,939 Enough! 564 00:48:25,113 --> 00:48:27,105 Because, Mr. Duane, 565 00:48:27,679 --> 00:48:32,316 the middle way that some in this chamber have been seeking is no way at all. 566 00:48:34,157 --> 00:48:36,320 Gentlemen, please hear me out, gentlemen! 567 00:48:37,113 --> 00:48:40,933 If we finally fail in this great and glorious contest, 568 00:48:41,168 --> 00:48:45,618 it will be by bewildering ourselves in groping for the middle way! 569 00:48:48,149 --> 00:48:52,205 Gentlemen, Dr. Franklin knows England better than any man here. 570 00:48:53,899 --> 00:48:57,569 Can we not yet hope to see a clearer sky? 571 00:48:58,190 --> 00:49:00,879 Well, if my long residence in London 572 00:49:00,999 --> 00:49:05,445 as this colony's agent to the Court has taught me anything, Mr. Dickinson, 573 00:49:05,565 --> 00:49:07,268 it has taught me this: 574 00:49:07,740 --> 00:49:09,428 that given the choice between doing 575 00:49:09,548 --> 00:49:12,064 what is right and doing what is not right, 576 00:49:12,552 --> 00:49:15,734 his majesty's government will take the later course every time. 577 00:49:16,252 --> 00:49:17,778 Well said, well said. 578 00:49:18,105 --> 00:49:19,655 Dr. Franklin has the floor. 579 00:49:19,775 --> 00:49:22,031 The King refuses 580 00:49:22,649 --> 00:49:24,032 our petitions. 581 00:49:24,289 --> 00:49:26,745 He has branded us rebels. 582 00:49:27,697 --> 00:49:32,630 The question is not whether by a... by a declaration of independence 583 00:49:32,750 --> 00:49:35,893 that we should make ourselves something we are not, 584 00:49:36,348 --> 00:49:39,641 but whether we should declare as fact 585 00:49:40,021 --> 00:49:42,678 something which already exists. 586 00:49:45,119 --> 00:49:46,816 - No! - Only the voice... 587 00:49:46,936 --> 00:49:50,924 Only the voice of the people can proclaim independence. 588 00:49:51,044 --> 00:49:53,678 No no, Mr. Dickinson! 589 00:49:54,135 --> 00:49:57,234 The people wait for us to lead the way. 590 00:49:58,778 --> 00:50:03,194 and we must lose no time in leading them, sir. No time at all. 591 00:50:03,529 --> 00:50:06,035 And just whom do you think will join us in this folly? 592 00:50:06,833 --> 00:50:08,502 - France, for one! - France! 593 00:50:08,622 --> 00:50:09,622 Gentlemen! 594 00:50:10,903 --> 00:50:12,884 England is our common enemy, sir. 595 00:50:14,120 --> 00:50:16,633 Mr. Adams would make us french subjects! 596 00:50:19,879 --> 00:50:22,723 Partners, Mr. Duane, not subjects. 597 00:50:24,418 --> 00:50:27,973 General Washington's army needs arms and men! 598 00:50:31,058 --> 00:50:33,519 King Louis cannot be expected to acknowledge us 599 00:50:33,639 --> 00:50:36,049 until we have acknowledged ourselves 600 00:50:36,169 --> 00:50:39,276 and taken our rightful place as a sovereign power. 601 00:50:41,355 --> 00:50:42,515 Mr. Adams... 602 00:50:43,997 --> 00:50:46,116 - Mr. Franklin has the floor. - Mr. Adams is right. 603 00:50:46,415 --> 00:50:48,654 Let us send an envoy 604 00:50:48,917 --> 00:50:52,772 to King Louis while our affairs wear a hopeful aspect. 605 00:50:52,892 --> 00:50:55,180 What if no alliance comes? 606 00:50:56,356 --> 00:50:57,753 What then, sir? 607 00:50:59,805 --> 00:51:00,881 Then so be it. 608 00:51:01,041 --> 00:51:02,206 "So be it"? 609 00:51:04,951 --> 00:51:09,101 We will not vote for independence, Mr. Adams. 610 00:51:09,221 --> 00:51:10,600 Not now, 611 00:51:11,140 --> 00:51:12,476 not ever! 612 00:51:26,201 --> 00:51:28,170 Mr. Duane well knows 613 00:51:28,290 --> 00:51:32,413 that reconciliation would be as agreeable to my inclinations, 614 00:51:33,713 --> 00:51:36,750 and as advantageous to my interests as to any man's! 615 00:51:38,996 --> 00:51:41,260 but, I see no prospect for it, 616 00:51:41,380 --> 00:51:44,323 no probability, no possibility! 617 00:51:46,050 --> 00:51:49,697 And I cannot abide the hypocritical heart 618 00:51:50,064 --> 00:51:53,517 that pretends to expect peace when in truth it does not. 619 00:51:54,380 --> 00:51:59,091 This congress has no more right to pass such a resolution than parliament has! 620 00:52:00,100 --> 00:52:02,818 - We must beware of overreaching! - Aye! 621 00:52:04,189 --> 00:52:05,854 When demosthenes... 622 00:52:08,048 --> 00:52:11,869 When Demosthenes traveled as ambassador through Greece 623 00:52:12,029 --> 00:52:16,301 he did not go, mr. President, 624 00:52:16,421 --> 00:52:17,708 ... through time! 625 00:52:17,868 --> 00:52:19,704 If you plan on taking us to creation itself, 626 00:52:19,824 --> 00:52:21,670 I should like send word to my landlady, 627 00:52:21,790 --> 00:52:23,922 she should not waste any eggs for my breakfast. 628 00:52:25,106 --> 00:52:28,908 He did not go, Mr. President, to propose a non-importation 629 00:52:29,028 --> 00:52:32,874 - or non-consumption agreement. - I beg your pardon, sir. 630 00:52:32,994 --> 00:52:36,730 pray forgive me for not recognizing the worthy Demosthenes. 631 00:52:36,850 --> 00:52:39,449 I mistook you for a Massachusetts man. 632 00:52:42,719 --> 00:52:47,270 Do you know the conduct of some states from the beginning of this affair 633 00:52:47,390 --> 00:52:51,305 has given me reason to suspect that it is their settled policy 634 00:52:51,562 --> 00:52:54,937 to keep to the rear of our confederacy come what may, 635 00:52:56,319 --> 00:52:58,698 so as not to harm their future prospects? 636 00:52:58,818 --> 00:53:01,469 - Mr. Adams... - No, there are persons in Philadelphia 637 00:53:01,589 --> 00:53:04,022 to whom a ship is dearer than a city, 638 00:53:04,504 --> 00:53:07,961 and a few barrels of flour dearer than 1000 lives. 639 00:53:08,388 --> 00:53:10,052 Other men's lives. 640 00:53:10,368 --> 00:53:12,096 That is an outrageous slander! 641 00:53:12,481 --> 00:53:14,279 Gentlemen, we cannot debate this endlessly. 642 00:53:14,399 --> 00:53:17,601 I call for a vote on Mr. Lee's resolution for independence. 643 00:53:18,721 --> 00:53:20,708 - New Hampshire? - New Hampshire votes yes. 644 00:53:20,828 --> 00:53:22,683 - Connecticut? - Connecticut votes yes. 645 00:53:22,803 --> 00:53:25,004 - New Jersey? - New Jersey votes no. 646 00:53:25,649 --> 00:53:27,852 - Georgia? - Georgia votes yes. 647 00:53:28,438 --> 00:53:29,539 - Virginia? 648 00:53:30,066 --> 00:53:31,508 Virginia votes yes. 649 00:53:31,628 --> 00:53:33,797 - New York? - New York votes no! 650 00:53:33,917 --> 00:53:37,361 - North Carolina? - North Carolina votes yes. 651 00:53:37,481 --> 00:53:38,873 - One moment, please. 652 00:53:46,482 --> 00:53:48,782 South Carolina, on behalf of its sister colonies... 653 00:53:48,902 --> 00:53:49,788 States! 654 00:53:53,952 --> 00:53:57,503 requests a postponement to seek new instructions. 655 00:53:58,282 --> 00:53:59,852 20 days should be sufficient. 656 00:54:04,467 --> 00:54:06,670 This is good. 657 00:54:08,931 --> 00:54:10,049 Any objections? 658 00:54:10,479 --> 00:54:11,855 No, none, sir. No. 659 00:54:12,274 --> 00:54:14,527 Congress shall reconvene on july 1st 660 00:54:16,212 --> 00:54:18,732 to consider Mr. Lee's resolution. 661 00:54:18,852 --> 00:54:22,206 Mr. President, perhaps a committee should be formed 662 00:54:22,326 --> 00:54:23,965 to present a statement to the people 663 00:54:24,085 --> 00:54:26,632 should the vote tend toward independence. 664 00:54:29,428 --> 00:54:30,588 Mr. Dickinson? 665 00:54:37,421 --> 00:54:39,971 Form your committee, Mr. Adams. present! 666 00:55:01,974 --> 00:55:06,680 The thought of what awaits us in New York robs me of my sleep. 667 00:55:08,112 --> 00:55:10,172 Are you so certain of defeat? 668 00:55:10,654 --> 00:55:13,208 To give battle to the british army, 669 00:55:13,771 --> 00:55:17,931 their ranks swollen with the 17,000 hessians, 670 00:55:18,051 --> 00:55:21,183 I know not how our men will stand the test. 671 00:55:22,324 --> 00:55:25,365 General Howe elected to depart Boston in peace 672 00:55:25,657 --> 00:55:27,322 rather than lay waste to the city. 673 00:55:28,247 --> 00:55:30,368 New York may not be so fortunate. 674 00:55:31,674 --> 00:55:34,592 That such evil should befall a people... 675 00:55:36,813 --> 00:55:39,430 Could it be punishment for the sin of slavery? 676 00:55:46,332 --> 00:55:47,774 I cannot say. 677 00:55:53,410 --> 00:55:56,088 We grow gloomy, Mrs. Adams. 678 00:55:56,584 --> 00:55:57,757 Forgive me. 679 00:55:59,197 --> 00:56:01,893 I had hoped this visit would be a respite from 680 00:56:02,701 --> 00:56:04,142 what weighs upon me. 681 00:56:11,059 --> 00:56:12,901 Is there some service I may do for you? 682 00:56:13,476 --> 00:56:14,735 For your family? 683 00:56:15,063 --> 00:56:17,829 There is one thing that I would ask. 684 00:56:21,225 --> 00:56:25,330 My correspondence with my husband is more important than I can say. 685 00:56:27,869 --> 00:56:30,278 It has become so difficult to get letters through, 686 00:56:30,644 --> 00:56:31,444 and... 687 00:56:31,895 --> 00:56:35,044 fear of interception has limited 688 00:56:37,043 --> 00:56:38,766 what we may say to each other. 689 00:56:39,802 --> 00:56:41,388 If I could impose 690 00:56:42,048 --> 00:56:45,224 upon you to carry my letters... 691 00:56:52,288 --> 00:56:55,364 My own courier will take them safely to Philadelphia 692 00:56:56,264 --> 00:56:57,779 along with my dispatches. 693 00:56:59,892 --> 00:57:00,712 Thank you. 694 00:57:01,743 --> 00:57:03,279 Your advice 695 00:57:04,140 --> 00:57:06,648 is greatly valued by Mr. Adams. 696 00:57:08,206 --> 00:57:09,894 The more quickly he receives it, 697 00:57:10,257 --> 00:57:14,370 the more quickly we may all be beneficiaries of your counsel. 698 00:57:19,864 --> 00:57:24,558 I fear I cannot oblige you, sir, because... 699 00:57:25,471 --> 00:57:29,632 If we are to achieve our longed-for separation from England, 700 00:57:29,752 --> 00:57:33,433 we must be ready in the state legislatures with new codes 701 00:57:33,553 --> 00:57:37,445 of law and governance. and to that end all my time away from the assembly 702 00:57:37,565 --> 00:57:41,429 is taken up with urgent correspondence on a new constitution for Virginia. 703 00:57:41,747 --> 00:57:43,033 We are of the same mind there. 704 00:57:43,193 --> 00:57:45,494 Massachusetts, too, must have its constitution. 705 00:57:46,031 --> 00:57:48,339 But I would have one founded on principles 706 00:57:48,849 --> 00:57:51,916 which could one day inform the confederacy of all the states. 707 00:57:52,036 --> 00:57:55,460 but we must first achieve this long-hoped-for separation, 708 00:57:55,580 --> 00:57:58,840 and to that end we must have a declaration of principles. 709 00:58:00,041 --> 00:58:01,806 Should you not write this thing yourself? 710 00:58:02,417 --> 00:58:03,190 No no. 711 00:58:04,235 --> 00:58:05,466 I do not have time. 712 00:58:05,998 --> 00:58:07,897 I head the board of war and ordinance 713 00:58:08,017 --> 00:58:10,170 as well as serving on 22 other committees. 714 00:58:10,827 --> 00:58:13,306 and the outcome of this great question is far from certain, 715 00:58:13,426 --> 00:58:15,649 so my energies must be spent **ing the debate on the floor. 716 00:58:17,174 --> 00:58:19,810 - And why me? - Reasons enough, sir. 717 00:58:20,230 --> 00:58:22,114 What can possibly be your reason? 718 00:58:27,294 --> 00:58:31,210 First, you area virginian, and a virginian should be at the head 719 00:58:31,330 --> 00:58:33,575 of this business as it's the most powerful state. 720 00:58:34,126 --> 00:58:34,994 And second, 721 00:58:36,048 --> 00:58:37,805 I am obnoxious, 722 00:58:38,145 --> 00:58:39,756 suspected and unpopular. 723 00:58:41,259 --> 00:58:43,327 And you are very much otherwise. 724 00:58:44,312 --> 00:58:47,288 Third, and perhaps most important, 725 00:58:48,812 --> 00:58:51,636 I have read your summary view of the rights of British America 726 00:58:52,732 --> 00:58:55,673 and I have a great opinion of the elegance of your pen, 727 00:58:58,432 --> 00:59:00,196 and none at all of my own. 728 00:59:02,376 --> 00:59:04,356 You're too modest, sir. 729 00:59:04,995 --> 00:59:07,327 You're the first to find me so, sir. 730 00:59:09,595 --> 00:59:12,091 I am not by nature a humble man, 731 00:59:12,211 --> 00:59:15,425 but circumstances sometimes require a change of habits. 732 00:59:19,210 --> 00:59:22,299 - I see that you're quite decided. - That I am, Mr. Jefferson. 733 00:59:22,965 --> 00:59:23,850 Quite. 734 00:59:44,906 --> 00:59:47,177 Have you consulted with your husband? 735 00:59:50,353 --> 00:59:52,928 Mr. Adams is not here 736 00:59:54,556 --> 00:59:56,467 and the pox is rampant. 737 01:00:00,034 --> 01:00:01,963 Inoculation is not without risk. 738 01:00:03,564 --> 01:00:06,693 The distemper manifests itself differently in each person. 739 01:00:07,390 --> 01:00:10,338 You and your children may experience 740 01:00:10,458 --> 01:00:14,476 some fever and inflammation, perhaps a form of the disease itself. 741 01:00:17,345 --> 01:00:19,277 I am aware of the risks. 742 01:00:21,545 --> 01:00:24,035 Some cases have even resulted in death. 743 01:00:46,123 --> 01:00:48,468 This is something altogether unexpected. 744 01:00:51,197 --> 01:00:54,567 not only a declaration of our independence, but... 745 01:00:55,987 --> 01:00:57,811 of the rights of all men. 746 01:01:03,839 --> 01:01:05,819 No this is well said, sir. 747 01:01:06,434 --> 01:01:08,403 Very well said. 748 01:01:09,446 --> 01:01:11,989 "The christi King of Great Britain 749 01:01:12,109 --> 01:01:15,358 "has waged cruel war against human nature itself 750 01:01:15,989 --> 01:01:19,030 "in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, 751 01:01:20,275 --> 01:01:24,158 "captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere." 752 01:01:24,955 --> 01:01:28,636 Yes, you lay the evils of slavery at the... 753 01:01:29,162 --> 01:01:32,812 The feet of the King, but you say nothing of slavery itself, sir. 754 01:01:32,932 --> 01:01:34,019 Now surely, 755 01:01:34,389 --> 01:01:37,881 if the trade is outlawed but ownership is not, 756 01:01:38,001 --> 01:01:40,998 then those unfortunate negroes still in servitude 757 01:01:41,327 --> 01:01:44,983 will become a more lucrative commodity. 758 01:01:48,639 --> 01:01:51,346 That's not what I intended, Dr. Franklin. 759 01:01:52,441 --> 01:01:55,746 Slavery is an abomination and must be loudly proclaimed as such, 760 01:01:56,038 --> 01:01:58,957 but I own that neither I nor any man has any 761 01:01:59,077 --> 01:02:01,833 immediate solution to the problem. 762 01:02:02,406 --> 01:02:05,789 It... is no matter. The issue before us 763 01:02:05,909 --> 01:02:07,964 is independence and not emancipation. 764 01:02:08,084 --> 01:02:10,557 - Dr. Franklin, this document is... - is something... 765 01:02:10,677 --> 01:02:13,957 Something our friends in the congress will debate. 766 01:02:14,077 --> 01:02:15,583 But I will be very surprised 767 01:02:15,703 --> 01:02:18,308 if they will countenance an attack on slavery. 768 01:02:25,545 --> 01:02:29,427 "We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable, 769 01:02:29,547 --> 01:02:32,904 "that all men are created equal..." 770 01:02:33,024 --> 01:02:34,099 Et cetera. 771 01:02:37,973 --> 01:02:40,226 "sacred and undeniable." 772 01:02:42,896 --> 01:02:44,446 Smacks of the pulpit. 773 01:02:47,134 --> 01:02:47,910 Does it? 774 01:02:52,377 --> 01:02:56,201 These truths are self-evident are they not? 775 01:03:00,769 --> 01:03:01,619 Perhaps. 776 01:03:04,871 --> 01:03:06,283 Self-evident then. 777 01:03:10,035 --> 01:03:11,185 Self-evident? 778 01:03:11,567 --> 01:03:13,840 - Self-evident. - Self-evident. 779 01:03:18,149 --> 01:03:20,061 Do not mistake me, sir. 780 01:03:21,601 --> 01:03:23,206 I share your sentiment. 781 01:03:25,286 --> 01:03:27,919 Every single word was precisely chosen. 782 01:03:29,497 --> 01:03:31,256 I assure you of that, Dr. Franklin. 783 01:03:31,560 --> 01:03:35,591 Yes, but yours will not be the only hand in this document. 784 01:03:36,680 --> 01:03:37,841 It cannot be. 785 01:03:38,608 --> 01:03:42,182 They will try to mangle it, and they may succeed. 786 01:03:42,302 --> 01:03:44,512 There may be expressions which I would 787 01:03:44,632 --> 01:03:46,896 not have inserted if I had drawn it up, 788 01:03:47,346 --> 01:03:49,901 but I will defend every word of it. 789 01:03:53,357 --> 01:03:54,839 It's what I believe. 790 01:03:57,722 --> 01:03:58,827 This is a... 791 01:03:59,115 --> 01:04:02,412 A marvelous invention, Mr. Jefferson. 792 01:04:02,837 --> 01:04:04,831 Yes, I went through a number of variations. 793 01:04:05,486 --> 01:04:07,459 This is by far the most successful. 794 01:04:08,347 --> 01:04:10,046 The simplest is always the best. 795 01:04:10,166 --> 01:04:11,921 It's two seats 796 01:04:12,360 --> 01:04:15,658 and the top one swivels on rollers made from 797 01:04:15,778 --> 01:04:17,871 the window sash pulleys. 798 01:04:18,746 --> 01:04:20,234 Most ingenious. 799 01:04:29,715 --> 01:04:30,653 Stay inside. 800 01:04:46,768 --> 01:04:48,508 One more time, lad. 801 01:05:15,448 --> 01:05:16,778 Just a small cut. 802 01:05:44,295 --> 01:05:45,178 Done. 803 01:05:48,913 --> 01:05:49,968 Who's first? 804 01:06:03,261 --> 01:06:05,660 So it's you? What is your name? 805 01:06:07,903 --> 01:06:09,268 - Charles. - Charles. 806 01:06:09,490 --> 01:06:11,374 Roll up your sleeve. That's it. 807 01:06:12,623 --> 01:06:14,428 Here we go. Just a small cut. 808 01:06:25,631 --> 01:06:27,181 Almost done. 809 01:06:29,441 --> 01:06:30,917 There you are, lad. 810 01:06:51,403 --> 01:06:53,933 - It'll hurt a little bit. - I want papa. 811 01:06:55,563 --> 01:06:56,805 Pa's not here. 812 01:06:58,938 --> 01:07:01,024 We must depend upon ourselves. 813 01:07:02,336 --> 01:07:04,001 One more, one more. 814 01:07:07,340 --> 01:07:08,977 Almost done. 815 01:07:19,269 --> 01:07:21,415 There lies our battle. 816 01:07:22,979 --> 01:07:24,780 The others may yet come around, 817 01:07:24,900 --> 01:07:28,240 but Pennsylvania and New York are too self-interested, too tory. 818 01:07:28,697 --> 01:07:31,948 Mr. Dickinson is too unbending. And too effective. 819 01:07:32,068 --> 01:07:34,585 Most effective, Mr. Adams, most effective. 820 01:07:34,705 --> 01:07:35,651 And rutledge. 821 01:07:42,197 --> 01:07:43,843 Good luck to you, sir. 822 01:07:51,113 --> 01:07:55,520 Congress will take into consideration the resolution concerning independence. 823 01:08:03,568 --> 01:08:04,696 Mr. Dickinson? 824 01:08:08,091 --> 01:08:09,052 Gentlemen. 825 01:08:12,309 --> 01:08:16,358 The consequences involved in the motion now lying before us 826 01:08:18,104 --> 01:08:19,839 are of such magnitude 827 01:08:20,506 --> 01:08:21,701 that I tremble 828 01:08:22,582 --> 01:08:24,842 at the oppressive honor of sharing 829 01:08:25,247 --> 01:08:26,677 in its determination. 830 01:08:28,763 --> 01:08:29,946 My conduct 831 01:08:31,170 --> 01:08:32,881 this day, I expect, 832 01:08:34,134 --> 01:08:35,986 will give the finishing blow 833 01:08:36,900 --> 01:08:41,729 to my once great and now much-diminished 834 01:08:42,677 --> 01:08:43,791 popularity. 835 01:08:46,328 --> 01:08:48,285 Yet I had rather forfeit 836 01:08:48,525 --> 01:08:50,892 popularity forever 837 01:08:52,298 --> 01:08:54,806 than vote away the blood 838 01:08:55,193 --> 01:08:57,911 and happiness of my countrymen. 839 01:09:00,161 --> 01:09:01,872 Independence 840 01:09:02,856 --> 01:09:05,704 will not strengthen us by one man! 841 01:09:06,378 --> 01:09:08,050 Nor by the least supply. 842 01:09:09,933 --> 01:09:12,405 But it may expose our soldiers 843 01:09:12,692 --> 01:09:15,728 to additional cruelties and outrages. 844 01:09:17,533 --> 01:09:20,471 The full fury of British rifle 845 01:09:21,986 --> 01:09:23,107 will be unleashed. 846 01:09:24,663 --> 01:09:27,293 Indians will be loosest on the frontier. 847 01:09:29,109 --> 01:09:32,164 Negros will rise up to slaughter us. 848 01:09:33,426 --> 01:09:36,943 New York may well be destroyed. 849 01:09:38,770 --> 01:09:40,181 By their own admission, 850 01:09:42,393 --> 01:09:45,620 the advocates of separation say foreign assistance 851 01:09:46,036 --> 01:09:47,444 will be necessary. 852 01:09:48,711 --> 01:09:50,342 At what cost? 853 01:09:52,513 --> 01:09:56,306 Let us imagine a war without victors. 854 01:09:58,458 --> 01:10:00,574 And the guns all silent. 855 01:10:02,412 --> 01:10:05,405 Many would have bled and sacrificed 856 01:10:05,678 --> 01:10:09,020 only to have exchanged the light yoke of GB 857 01:10:09,375 --> 01:10:12,116 for the heavy dominion of an alien power. 858 01:10:16,712 --> 01:10:18,163 Some have argued 859 01:10:19,386 --> 01:10:20,606 that America 860 01:10:21,496 --> 01:10:23,635 will become one great commonwealth. 861 01:10:24,204 --> 01:10:27,489 But what is to keep 13 unwieldy colonies 862 01:10:28,208 --> 01:10:29,982 from splitting asunder? 863 01:10:31,132 --> 01:10:33,939 I have a strong impression in my mind 864 01:10:35,268 --> 01:10:37,118 that this will take place. 865 01:10:38,886 --> 01:10:40,019 Oh, gentlemen. 866 01:10:42,417 --> 01:10:47,187 To escape the protection of GB by declaring independance unprepared 867 01:10:47,307 --> 01:10:48,492 as we are 868 01:10:51,188 --> 01:10:53,426 would be to brave the storm 869 01:10:56,100 --> 01:10:58,115 in a skiff made of paper. 870 01:11:21,378 --> 01:11:24,185 As I recognize is Mr Adams, Massachussetts. 871 01:11:34,611 --> 01:11:36,414 Objects of the most 872 01:11:37,100 --> 01:11:38,743 stupendous magnitude. 873 01:11:40,837 --> 01:11:42,753 Measures which 874 01:11:43,008 --> 01:11:46,053 will affect the lives of millions, born and unborn 875 01:11:48,716 --> 01:11:50,056 are now before us. 876 01:11:54,758 --> 01:11:59,218 We must expect a great expense of blood to obtain them 877 01:12:02,685 --> 01:12:04,654 but we must always remember 878 01:12:05,544 --> 01:12:08,294 that a free constitution of civil government 879 01:12:09,491 --> 01:12:11,942 cannot be purchased a too dear a rate 880 01:12:12,062 --> 01:12:15,584 as there is nothing on this side of Jerusalem, 881 01:12:15,816 --> 01:12:17,688 of greater importance to mankind. 882 01:12:24,141 --> 01:12:27,113 My worthy colleague from Pennsylvania 883 01:12:28,488 --> 01:12:31,915 has spoken with great ingenuity and eloquence. 884 01:12:33,651 --> 01:12:37,052 He's given you a grim prognostication 885 01:12:37,191 --> 01:12:41,270 of our national future, but where he foresees apocalypse 886 01:12:43,619 --> 01:12:44,766 I see hope. 887 01:12:48,166 --> 01:12:50,188 I see a new nation 888 01:12:51,021 --> 01:12:53,323 ready to take its place in the world. 889 01:12:53,608 --> 01:12:56,630 Not an empire, but a republic. 890 01:12:57,587 --> 01:13:00,682 And a republic of laws, not men. 891 01:13:04,439 --> 01:13:05,654 Gentlemen, 892 01:13:08,000 --> 01:13:10,976 we are in the very midst of revolution. 893 01:13:11,940 --> 01:13:13,561 The most complete 894 01:13:14,106 --> 01:13:18,156 unexpected and remarkable of any in the history of the world. 895 01:13:21,876 --> 01:13:23,945 How few of the human race 896 01:13:24,832 --> 01:13:26,940 have ever had an opportunity 897 01:13:27,060 --> 01:13:30,502 of choosing a system of government for themselves, 898 01:13:31,118 --> 01:13:32,382 and their children. 899 01:13:37,769 --> 01:13:41,245 I am not without apprehensions, gentlemen. 900 01:13:45,395 --> 01:13:50,277 But the end that we have in sight is more than worth all the means. 901 01:13:54,413 --> 01:13:57,144 My belief says that the hour has come. 902 01:14:02,292 --> 01:14:05,217 My judgement approves this measure 903 01:14:05,337 --> 01:14:07,782 and my whole heart is in it. 904 01:14:10,885 --> 01:14:13,759 All that I have, all that I am 905 01:14:14,050 --> 01:14:17,069 and all that I hope in this life, 906 01:14:17,189 --> 01:14:19,477 I am now ready to stake upon it. 907 01:14:23,566 --> 01:14:25,020 While I'll live, 908 01:14:25,353 --> 01:14:27,174 let me have a country. 909 01:14:31,927 --> 01:14:32,809 A free... 910 01:14:34,509 --> 01:14:35,419 country. 911 01:15:25,781 --> 01:15:27,442 Idle misspend of time. 912 01:15:27,819 --> 01:15:29,180 Waste of breathe. 913 01:15:31,062 --> 01:15:33,682 I said nothing but what have been 914 01:15:34,071 --> 01:15:36,821 repeated and hackneyed in that room before. 915 01:15:38,873 --> 01:15:41,133 Hundred times past these 6 months. 916 01:15:41,253 --> 01:15:43,481 On the contrary, Mr Adams. 917 01:15:43,671 --> 01:15:46,298 You seemed quite carried out of yourself. 918 01:15:51,514 --> 01:15:53,325 Majority is ours, cousin. 919 01:15:54,064 --> 01:15:55,166 9 to 4 in favor. 920 01:15:58,170 --> 01:15:59,844 It must be unanimous. 921 01:16:01,237 --> 01:16:04,880 - Where the devil is our friend Rodney? - Gone back to Wilmington. 922 01:16:05,454 --> 01:16:07,792 Trouble with the Tories, there. 923 01:16:08,892 --> 01:16:11,098 We will never win Delaware without him. 924 01:16:13,383 --> 01:16:16,576 Mr Rodney must be found and fetched back here, Mr McCain. 925 01:16:16,855 --> 01:16:17,812 Leave it to me. 926 01:16:19,263 --> 01:16:20,983 Mr Adams. 927 01:16:21,809 --> 01:16:23,440 A word with you, if I may? 928 01:16:26,308 --> 01:16:27,697 Private word. 929 01:16:39,415 --> 01:16:42,136 South Carolina would be willing to consider 930 01:16:42,939 --> 01:16:44,856 casting her vote with the majority. 931 01:16:47,154 --> 01:16:48,511 You surprise me, sir. 932 01:16:49,502 --> 01:16:52,318 We know which way the wind blows, Mr Adams. 933 01:16:54,093 --> 01:16:56,102 South Carolina has never been opposed 934 01:16:56,222 --> 01:16:58,646 to the principle of separation from Britain. 935 01:17:00,703 --> 01:17:03,844 - Only the haste to achieve it. - The times call for action, sir. 936 01:17:04,341 --> 01:17:07,676 We southerners are accustomed to more courtly form. 937 01:17:10,736 --> 01:17:12,947 You have something to ask in return. 938 01:17:15,197 --> 01:17:18,620 Only your assurance that there will be no dissent from the other colonies. 939 01:17:18,951 --> 01:17:20,000 Forgive me... 940 01:17:20,766 --> 01:17:21,851 States. 941 01:17:25,890 --> 01:17:27,060 You have it, sir. 942 01:17:33,619 --> 01:17:35,953 Gentlemen can always reach agreement. 943 01:17:39,626 --> 01:17:44,501 Admiral Howe has anchored a 150 ships in view of Manhattan Island. 944 01:17:44,954 --> 01:17:47,443 You ask me to consent to our own destruction. 945 01:17:47,695 --> 01:17:49,985 Thirteen stand a greater chance than one. 946 01:17:50,252 --> 01:17:52,053 We do not ask you to join us. 947 01:17:53,409 --> 01:17:55,332 Only that you do not obstruct us. 948 01:17:59,736 --> 01:18:02,881 NY would be willing to consider such an arrangement. 949 01:18:03,424 --> 01:18:06,007 If you can deliver Pennsylvania. 950 01:18:18,258 --> 01:18:20,315 Consider this, Mr Dickinson, 951 01:18:21,681 --> 01:18:24,778 that 2 of Pennsylvania's own delegates, myself being one of them, 952 01:18:25,432 --> 01:18:27,993 rose up today in opposition to you. 953 01:18:28,168 --> 01:18:30,957 I will not compromise my beliefs. 954 01:18:33,151 --> 01:18:35,707 A man of your reputation and honesty. 955 01:18:37,531 --> 01:18:39,743 He should never compromise his beliefs, sir. 956 01:18:45,313 --> 01:18:47,045 I thank you for that, Mr Adams. 957 01:18:52,205 --> 01:18:53,593 Understand me, sir. 958 01:18:57,127 --> 01:19:00,745 Likely you're right, and we shall be 959 01:19:00,933 --> 01:19:03,131 driven to independance. 960 01:19:04,769 --> 01:19:05,718 But now, 961 01:19:06,135 --> 01:19:09,980 it's not the time for some dangerous and irrevocable action. 962 01:19:11,985 --> 01:19:16,900 I cannot lend my voice to hasten our ruin. 963 01:19:19,219 --> 01:19:24,088 Perhaps if you're to find yourself, somehow, 964 01:19:25,857 --> 01:19:28,596 indisposed tomorrow? 965 01:19:50,654 --> 01:19:51,832 Be still. 966 01:20:12,552 --> 01:20:14,332 My brave girl. 967 01:20:25,216 --> 01:20:26,805 Come no further. 968 01:20:45,397 --> 01:20:47,885 Mabby, have a lion. 969 01:20:54,378 --> 01:20:55,703 Thank you, Charles. 970 01:20:58,464 --> 01:20:59,264 Bed! 971 01:21:01,464 --> 01:21:02,264 Bed! 972 01:21:16,649 --> 01:21:17,540 Cool? 973 01:21:32,344 --> 01:21:33,282 Look! 974 01:21:34,220 --> 01:21:35,880 What Charles gave you. 975 01:21:48,707 --> 01:21:50,820 *This panel* now comes to a vote. 976 01:21:51,760 --> 01:21:54,511 From a resolution proposed by Mr Lee. 977 01:22:03,476 --> 01:22:04,979 These colonies are 978 01:22:06,009 --> 01:22:07,790 and of right ought to be 979 01:22:08,540 --> 01:22:11,487 free and independant states. 980 01:22:12,591 --> 01:22:16,746 And that all political connection between them and the country of GB is 981 01:22:17,689 --> 01:22:19,193 and of the right ought to be 982 01:22:21,247 --> 01:22:22,769 totally dissolved. 983 01:22:31,188 --> 01:22:32,338 New Hampshire? 984 01:22:33,204 --> 01:22:35,135 New Hampshire votes yes. 985 01:22:37,149 --> 01:22:38,413 Rhode Island? 986 01:22:39,445 --> 01:22:41,695 Rhode Island votes yes. 987 01:22:44,318 --> 01:22:45,541 Massachusetts? 988 01:22:46,963 --> 01:22:48,244 Massachusetts votes yes. 989 01:22:49,193 --> 01:22:50,320 New York? 990 01:22:59,931 --> 01:23:02,181 New York has yet to receive new instructions 991 01:23:02,301 --> 01:23:04,177 from its constituent assembly. 992 01:23:08,094 --> 01:23:10,924 We, therefore, respectfully abstain. 993 01:23:18,360 --> 01:23:19,436 Connecticut? 994 01:23:20,517 --> 01:23:22,018 Connecticut votes yes. 995 01:23:22,624 --> 01:23:23,898 New Jersey? 996 01:23:24,365 --> 01:23:25,858 New Jersey votes yes. 997 01:23:26,750 --> 01:23:28,020 Pennsylvania? 998 01:23:36,038 --> 01:23:37,251 Pennsylvania votes yes. 999 01:23:38,051 --> 01:23:39,045 Delaware? 1000 01:23:41,053 --> 01:23:43,444 Delaware votes yes. 1001 01:23:44,904 --> 01:23:46,025 Virginia? 1002 01:23:47,429 --> 01:23:48,883 Virginia votes yes. 1003 01:23:50,256 --> 01:23:51,240 Maryland? 1004 01:23:52,695 --> 01:23:54,852 Maryland votes yes. 1005 01:23:55,742 --> 01:23:57,147 North Carolina? 1006 01:23:57,614 --> 01:24:00,066 North Carolina votes yes. 1007 01:24:00,337 --> 01:24:01,740 South Carolina? 1008 01:24:06,483 --> 01:24:08,452 South Carolina votes yes. 1009 01:24:09,721 --> 01:24:10,756 Georgia? 1010 01:24:13,479 --> 01:24:15,301 Georgia votes yes. 1011 01:24:17,927 --> 01:24:19,242 Vote stands. 1012 01:24:20,552 --> 01:24:22,240 12 for independence. 1013 01:24:22,804 --> 01:24:24,020 None against. 1014 01:24:24,640 --> 01:24:25,667 One abstention. 1015 01:24:27,491 --> 01:24:29,054 Resolution carries. 1016 01:24:57,333 --> 01:25:00,464 When, in the course of human events, 1017 01:25:00,979 --> 01:25:03,556 it becomes necessary for one people 1018 01:25:03,676 --> 01:25:06,891 to dissolve the polical bands which have connected them with another 1019 01:25:07,733 --> 01:25:09,981 and to assume among the powers of the earth 1020 01:25:10,194 --> 01:25:12,866 to the separate and equal station to 1021 01:25:12,986 --> 01:25:16,475 to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them 1022 01:25:17,348 --> 01:25:20,724 A decent respect of the opinions of mankind requires 1023 01:25:20,961 --> 01:25:24,939 that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation 1024 01:25:25,274 --> 01:25:27,758 We hold these truths to be self-evident. 1025 01:25:27,900 --> 01:25:30,221 that all men are created equal 1026 01:25:30,341 --> 01:25:34,607 that they are endowed by their creator with certain un... 1027 01:25:35,305 --> 01:25:36,898 what's that word there? 1028 01:25:42,294 --> 01:25:43,976 unalienable. 1029 01:25:46,932 --> 01:25:51,059 with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, 1030 01:25:51,246 --> 01:25:53,734 liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 1031 01:25:54,482 --> 01:25:56,588 That whenever any form of government 1032 01:25:56,777 --> 01:25:59,341 becomes destructive of these ends, 1033 01:25:59,684 --> 01:26:04,144 it is in the right of the people to alter or abolish it 1034 01:26:04,373 --> 01:26:06,717 and to institute new government. 1035 01:26:07,424 --> 01:26:10,374 The history of the present king of GB 1036 01:26:11,083 --> 01:26:13,168 is a history of repeated injuries, 1037 01:26:13,288 --> 01:26:15,674 all having in direct object the establishment 1038 01:26:15,863 --> 01:26:19,053 of an absolute tyranny over these states. 1039 01:26:19,522 --> 01:26:22,226 In every stage of this oppression, we have petitionned for redress 1040 01:26:22,346 --> 01:26:23,919 in the most humble terms. 1041 01:26:24,080 --> 01:26:26,368 Our repeated petitions have been answered only by 1042 01:26:26,554 --> 01:26:28,945 repeated injury, a prince 1043 01:26:29,412 --> 01:26:33,135 whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant 1044 01:26:33,396 --> 01:26:36,028 is unfit to be the ruler of the free people. 1045 01:26:36,870 --> 01:26:39,310 We, therefore, 1046 01:26:39,678 --> 01:26:42,895 the representatives of the United States of America 1047 01:26:43,384 --> 01:26:45,633 solemnly publish and declare 1048 01:26:45,969 --> 01:26:48,449 that these united colonies are 1049 01:26:48,870 --> 01:26:50,699 and of right ought to be 1050 01:26:51,065 --> 01:26:53,793 free and independent states 1051 01:26:54,312 --> 01:26:57,828 that they're absolved from all allegiance to the british crown. 1052 01:26:58,486 --> 01:27:01,954 And for the support of this declaration with a firm reliance 1053 01:27:02,139 --> 01:27:03,781 on the protection of divine providence, 1054 01:27:03,901 --> 01:27:06,898 we mutually pledge to each other our lives 1055 01:27:07,018 --> 01:27:09,080 our fortunes and our sacred honor. 1056 01:27:10,088 --> 01:27:11,319 Bless you. 1057 01:27:11,881 --> 01:27:14,509 God save our american states. 1058 01:27:14,893 --> 01:27:17,613 God save our american states. 1059 01:27:43,245 --> 01:27:44,838 My dearest friend, 1060 01:27:45,401 --> 01:27:46,750 the break is made. 1061 01:27:47,603 --> 01:27:49,388 Now our work begins. 1062 01:27:50,325 --> 01:27:54,417 You will think me transported with enthusiasm but I'm not. 1063 01:27:55,715 --> 01:27:59,858 It is the will of Heaven that Britain and America should be scinded forever. 1064 01:28:01,392 --> 01:28:04,845 It may be the will of Heaven that America shall suffer calamities 1065 01:28:05,055 --> 01:28:08,778 still more wasting and distresses yet more dreadful. 1066 01:28:12,934 --> 01:28:17,169 I am well aware of the toil and blood and treasure that it will cost us 1067 01:28:17,289 --> 01:28:21,298 to maintain this declaration and support and defend these states. 1068 01:28:22,397 --> 01:28:27,171 Yet, through all the gloom, I can see the raise of ravishing light and glory. 1069 01:28:30,085 --> 01:28:33,086 I can see that posterity will triumph... 1070 01:28:34,496 --> 01:28:36,728 in that day's transaction.